Learning Objective

As a result of participating in this activity, learners will be better able to:

• Apply an improved understanding as to the roles of inflammation, neurogenic inflammation, and neuroinflammation to manage acute and chronic pain

Overview

• How acute LBP is becoming chronic
• How Low Back Pain (LBP) Can be a societal and clinical problem
• Risk factors for the chronification of LBP
• The importance of prostaglandins and cytokines as targets of therapeutic intervention
• The Effectiveness of epidural steroid injections after new injury

Accreditation & Designation

Neurovations Education is accredited by the Accreditation Council for Continuing Medical Education (ACCME) to provide continuing medical education for physicians.

Neurovations Education designates this other activity (blended learning) for a maximum of 0.75 AMA PRA Category 1 Credit™. Physicians should claim only the credit commensurate with the extent of their participation in the activity.

Additional Reading

• Parisien, M., Lima, L. V., Dagostino, C., El-Hachem, N., Drury, G. L., Grant, A. V., ... & Diatchenko, L. (2022). Acute inflammatory response via neutrophil activation protects against the development of chronic pain. Science Translational Medicine, 14(644), eabj9954.
• Stevans, J. M., Delitto, A., Khoja, S. S., Patterson, C. G., Smith, C. N., Schneider, M. J., ... & Saper, R. B. (2021). Risk factors associated with transition from acute to chronic low back pain in US patients seeking primary care. JAMA network open, 4(2), e2037371-e2037371.
• Manchikanti, L., Nampiaparampil, D. E., Manchikanti, K. N., Falco, F. J., Singh, V., Benyamin, R. M., ... & Hirsch, J. A. (2015). Comparison of the efficacy of saline, local anesthetics, and steroids in epidural and facet joint injections for the management of spinal pain: A systematic review of randomized controlled trials. Surgical neurology international, 6(Suppl 4), S194.
• Curatolo, M., Rundell, S. D., Gold, L. S., Suri, P., Friedly, J. L., Nedeljkovic, S. S., ... & Jarvik, J. G. Long‐term effectiveness of epidural steroid injections after new episodes of low back pain in older adults. European Journal of Pain.
• Freidin, M. B., Lauc, G., Allegri, M., Primorac, D., & Williams, F. M. (2016). Using omics in chronic pain conditions to delineate mechanisms and provide new therapeutic strategies. Pain Management, 6(3), 211-215.
• Buchheit, T., Huh, Y., Maixner, W., Cheng, J., & Ji, R. R. (2020). Neuroimmune modulation of pain and regenerative pain medicine. The Journal of Clinical Investigation, 130(5), 2164-2176.
• Matsuda, M., Huh, Y., & Ji, R. R. (2019). Roles of inflammation, neurogenic inflammation, and neuroinflammation in pain. Journal of anesthesia, 33(1), 131-139.

PRP: Uses, Concentrations, Mechanisms & Applications