Pain Medicine Pharmacology

Outcomes

As a result of participating in this activity, learners will be better able to:

• Evaluate psychopharmacology prior to prescribing
• Select appropriate medications
• Prepare patients for potential common side effects
• Treat anxiety and depression in chronic pain patients

Accreditation & Designation

Release date: This activity was released 8/19/2022.

Termination date: The content of this activity remains eligible for CME Credit until 8/18/2025, unless reviewed or amended prior to this date.

Claiming Credit: Watch the entire presentation and complete the Improvement Plan/Evaluation.

Neurovations Education is accredited by the Accreditation Council for Continuing Medical Education (ACCME) to provide continuing medical education for physicians.

Neurovations Education designates this other activity (blended learning) for a maximum of 0.50 AMA PRA Category 1 Credits™. Physicians should claim only the credit commensurate with the extent of their participation in the activity.

This activity includes discussions of unlabeled or investigational uses of commercial and/or developmental products.

California Required CME on Pain Management and the Appropriate Treatment of the Terminally Ill
AB487 requires physicians licensed in California to complete a one-time CME activity for 12 hours of credits that addresses both pain management and the appropriate care and treatment of the terminally ill. This activity contributes to achievement of requirements with AB487.

ABA MOCA
This activity contributes to the patient safety CME requirement for Part II: Lifelong Learning and SelfAssessment of the American Board of Anesthesiology’s (ABA) redesigned Maintenance of Certification in Anesthesiology Program® (MOCA®), known as MOCA 2.0®. Please consult the ABA website, www.theaba.org, for a list of all MOCA 2.0 requirements

Maintenance of Certification in Anesthesiology® and MOCA® are registered certification marks of the American Board of Anesthesiology®

Disclosure of Financial Relationships

Neither the presenter, reviewers nor any other person with control of, or responsibility for, the planning, delivery, or evaluation of accredited continuing education has, or has had within the past 24 months, any financial relationship(s) to disclose with ineligible companies whose primary business is producing, marketing, selling, re-selling, or distributing healthcare products used by or on patients.

Additional Reading

• Poulsen, L., Riishede, L., Brøsen, K., Clemensen, S., & Sindrup, S. H. (1998). Codeine in post-operative pain Study of the influence of sparteine phenotype and serum concentrations of morphine and morphine-6-glucuronide. European journal of clinical pharmacology, 54(6), 451-454.
• Caraco, Y., Sheller, J., & Wood, A. J. (1996). Pharmacogenetic determination of the effects of codeine and prediction of drug interactions. Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, 278(3), 1165-1174.
• Smith, H. S. (2009, July). Opioid metabolism. In Mayo Clinic Proceedings (Vol. 84, No. 7, pp. 613-624). Elsevier.
• Hutchinson, M. R., Bland, S. T., Johnson, K. W., Rice, K. C., Maier, S. F., & Watkins, L. R. (2007). Opioid-induced glial activation: mechanisms of activation and implications for opioid analgesia, dependence, and reward. The Scientific World Journal, 7, 98-111.
• Watkins, L. R., Hutchinson, M. R., Rice, K. C., & Maier, S. F. (2009). The “toll” of opioid-induced glial activation: improving the clinical efficacy of opioids by targeting glia. Trends in pharmacological sciences, 30(11), 581-591.
• Gong, J., Colligan, M., Kirkpatrick, C., & Jones, P. (2019). Oral paracetamol versus combination oral analgesics for acute musculoskeletal injuries. Annals of Emergency Medicine, 74(4), 521-529.
• Moore, R. A., Straube, S., Wiffen, P. J., Derry, S., & McQuay, H. J. (2009). Pregabalin for acute and chronic pain in adults. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, (3).
• Saarto, T., & Wiffen, P. J. (2007). Antidepressants for neuropathic pain. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, (4).
• Younger, J., Noor, N., McCue, R., & Mackey, S. (2013). Low‐dose naltrexone for the treatment of fibromyalgia: findings of a small, randomized, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled, counterbalanced, crossover trial assessing daily pain levels. Arthritis & Rheumatism, 65(2), 529-538.
• Younger, J., Parkitny, L., & McLain, D. (2014). The use of low-dose naltrexone (LDN) as a novel anti-inflammatory treatment for chronic pain. Clinical rheumatology, 33(4), 451-459.
• Metyas, Samy, et al. "Low dose naltrexone in the treatment of fibromyalgia." Current rheumatology reviews 14.2 (2018): 177-180.
• Martínez-Martínez, L. A., Mora, T., Vargas, A., Fuentes-Iniestra, M., & Martínez-Lavín, M. (2014). Sympathetic nervous system dysfunction in fibromyalgia, chronic fatigue syndrome, irritable bowel syndrome, and interstitial cystitis: a review of case-control studies. JCR: Journal of Clinical Rheumatology, 20(3), 146-150.
• Valdes, A. M., Abhishek, A., Muir, K., Zhang, W., Maciewicz, R. A., & Doherty, M. (2017). Association of beta‐blocker use with less prevalent joint pain and lower opioid requirement in people with osteoarthritis. Arthritis care & research, 69(7), 1076-1081.
• Weschules, D. J., Bain, K. T., & Richeimer, S. (2008). Actual and potential drug interactions associated with methadone. Pain Medicine, 9(3), 315-344.