Learning Objectives

As a result of participating in this activity, learners will be better able to:

Apply a greater understanding of the functioning of synaptic networks to anticipate therapeutic responses

Pain management domains and core competencies

What is pain? Multidimensional nature of pain:

Demonstrates knowledge of the theories and science for understanding the physiology of pain and pain transmission

How is pain safely and effectively treated?

Identifies appropriate multimodal pain treatment options as part of a comprehensive pain management plan
Identifies and describes potential pharmacological and nonpharmacological treatment options
Uses valid and reliable tools for measuring pain, function, and associated symptoms to assess and reassess related outcomes appropriate to the clinical context and population

Accreditation & Designation

Neurovations Education is accredited by the Accreditation Council for Continuing Medical Education (ACCME) to provide continuing medical education for physicians.

Neurovations Education designates this live activity for a maximum of 0.75 AMA PRA Category 1 Credits™. Physicians should claim only the credit commensurate with the extent of their participation in the activity.

Disclosure of Financial Relationships & Measures to Resolve of Conflicts of Interest

Presenter: Marom Bikson discloses the following financial relationships within the past 24 months: Stock: Soterix Medical; Grants, assigned inventions, and/or serves Scientific Advisory Board (Consulting): SafeToddles, Boston Scientific, GlaxoSmithKline, Biovisics, Mecta, Lumenis, Halo Neuroscience, Google-X, i-Lumen, Humm, Allergan (Abbvie), Apple

No other person with control of, or responsibility for, the planning, delivery, or evaluation of accredited continuing education has, or has had within the past 24 months, financial relationship(s) to disclose with ineligible companies whose primary business is producing, marketing, selling, re-selling, or distributing healthcare products used by or on patients.

All relevant financial relationships have been mitigated. Materials were reviewed in advance of the activity by person(s) that do not have conflicts of interest related to the content. In some cases, content may have been modified as part of the review and mitigation process. All clinical recommendations are evidence-based and free of commercial bias (e.g., peer-reviewed literature, adhering to evidence-based practice guidelines).

Additional Reading

1.Peterchev, AV, Wagner, TA, Miranda, PC, Nitsche, MA, Paulus, W, Lisanby, SH, Pascual-Leone, A, Bikson, M (2012). Fundamentals of transcranial electric and magnetic stimulation dose: Definition, selection, and reporting practices. Brain Stim, 5(4), 435-453

2.Melzack, R, Wall, PD (1965) Pain mechanisms: a new theory. Science;150(3699):971-9.

3.Sharma, M, Bhaskar, V, Yang, L, FallahRad, M, Gebodh, N, Zhang, T, Esteller, R, Martin, J, Bikson, M. (2023). Novel Evoked Synaptic Activity Potentials (ESAPs) Elicited by Spinal Cord Stimulation. eNeuro, 10(5)